What is it?

With a basic understanding of fertility and reproduction, it's possible for a woman to identify when she's at her most fertile (and infertile) phase of her menstrual cycle. With this knowledge, couples can work out when to have sex with the minimum risk of pregnancy (and when to avoid sex or use an alternative contraception). This is also called natural family planning.

There are a number of methods a woman can use to monitor her menstrual cycle and predict the timing of her ovulation. Changes in body temperature and cervical mucus can help to work out whether or not she's fertile, as can a calendar and a history of her menstrual cycle for the previous three to six months. Some women also help to pinpoint their fertile time using Persona - a monitor that allows them to test for hormone changes in their urine. A combination of methods is often the most surefire fertility indicator, and can be up to 98% effective.

Is it the same as withdrawal?

No, withdrawal (removing the penis before the man cums) is an unrealiable method of contraception because men can fail to "pull out" early enough, and a woman can get pregnanant from the pre-cum that appears before a man ejaculates. Fertility awareness is about calculating when you can have sex with the minimum risk of pregnancy.

Benefits:

• Doesn't get in the way of sex;
• No contraceptive hormones involved, and no side effects;
• Can be used to plan pregnancy, as well as avoid it if you choose.

Drawbacks:

• You need to be taught how to calculate fertility by a specialist teacher;
• No protection against sex infections - you will need to use a condom;  
• Illness, stress and travel can affect fertility indicators;
• Demands planning, precision and commitment, (which means it's most suited to couples in long term relationships).

Unsuitable for:

• Couples who know they're disorganised;
• Women with very irregular periods;
• Couples who aren't willing to share the responsibility of contraception.

Updated: 23/04/2010